11/29/2023 0 Comments Si element development![]() The improvement of resistance has been proved by the increased activities of antioxidant enzymes that scavenge the excessively generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Si treatments. Though most horticultural crops are Si passive/non-accumulators, Si supplementation treatments have still shown enhanced tolerance against various stresses. This illustrates that Si can also be considered as a potential alternative for the postharvest management of vegetables. Particularly, nSi in a 100 mg L −1 concentration influenced the antioxidant mechanism and expression of genes involved in lignin synthesis and tolerance against F. Addition of nSi enhanced the firmness of the rhizomes, reduced decay loss, and prevented oxidative stress. unveiled the utilization of nSi to mitigate postharvest deterioration in ginger rhizomes and provide resistance against Fusarium solani. Recent studies have shown that Si nanoparticles (nSi) have more advantages than orthosilicic acid due to their lesser size, higher surface-to-volume ratio, and maximum uptake or distribution ( Verma et al.). Nevertheless, additional X-ray crystallography and NMR-related studies are required to be carried out between plants with a wide range of Si accumulation in order to elucidate the structural and functional differentiation of Si transporters. These three unique water molecules could limit silicic acid permeation in Lsi1 ( Saitoh and Suga). Quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) calculations have shown the possibility of interaction of the additional water molecule (Wat17) with Thr181 in addition to two unique water molecules (Wat3 and Wat9) interacting with Thr65 of the SF extended from the TM1. For the permeability of silicic acid, loop C and the selective filter (SF) interact by hydrogen bonding with Gly155-Arg222, Thr157-Thr223, and Val160-Ile213. ![]() Each monomer of Lsi1 consists of six transmembranes and two half-helixes connected by six loops forming a homotetramer. The crystal structure of Lsi1 in both open (1.8 Å) and closed (3.0 Å) state have provided perspectives about silicic acid permeation and selective mechanism. However, there are no detailed reports about the structural aspects of Si transporters. Genes responsible for Si transportation have been identified in various plant species. Furthermore, OsLsi3 and OsLsi6 are involved in the xylem transportation and unloading of Si to the node and leaf tissues, respectively ( Ma and Yamaji, 2015 Yamaji et al., 2015). Both are located in the distal and proximal end of the exodermis and endodermis of roots, respectively. Similarly, Si combats against various abiotic stresses such as drought, cold, salinity, UV-B, and heavy metals ( Mir et al., 2022).įor the uptake of Si in Oryza sativa, low-silicon rice (Lsi1) acts as an influx transporter, and Lsi2 acts as an efflux transporter. ![]() ![]() Application of Si has a remarkable impact against pathogens, pests, and insects invasion in several plant species ( Song et al., 2021). Monocots such as rice accumulate approximately 10% of its dry weight, which is higher than essential elements such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). Accumulation of Si varies between plant species. Owing to its benefits for plants, Si has been declared as a “Quasi-Essential” element. Supplementation of Si has showed various beneficial effects on plants such as improved growth, yield, and tolerance against abiotic and biotic stress conditions. Plants absorb Si in the form of orthosilicic acid. Silicon (Si) is the second most abundant element present in the Earth’s crust after oxygen, i.e., 28.8% in dry weight basis. ![]()
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